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Number Analogies for Bank PO and SSC

Posted on - 17-04-2017

Reasoning Analogy

Bank PO

Number Analogies :

Typical relationships between the numbers in a given pair can be any of the following :

· One number is a multiple of the other.

· One number is the square or square root of the other.

· One number is the cube or cube root of the other.

· The two numbers are squares of two other numbers which themselves are related. For example, the two numbers are squares of two consecutive integers or squares of two consecutive even integers or squares of two consecutive odd integers.

· The two numbers are such that they are obtained by subtracting a certain number from the squares or cubes of the two related numbers.

· The two numbers are such that they are obtained by adding a certain number to the squares or cubes of the two related numbers.

· The two numbers can be consecutive, even, odd or prime numbers.

There can be many more combinations that one can think of but the student has to note an important point in solving questions on Number Analogies. In Number Series related questions, since a series of numbers (more than two numbers) will be given, the relationship or pattern can be identified uniquely. In Number Analogies, since only two numbers are given, it may be possible to think of more than one relationship existing between the two numbers in the given pair. But, it should be kept in mind that generally, simple addition of one number or subtraction of one number is not what is given in Number Analogies. The questions try to test the insight that the student has got into the relationship between the numbers.

Let us take a few examples and understand the questions on Number Analogies.

Worked out examples :

Example 1.

Find the missing number.

25 : 36 : : 49 : ______.

(a) 61

(b) 63

(c) 65

(d) 60

Solution.

When the numbers in the question are considered the students tend to consider 25 and 36 as squares of two consecutive natural numbers. But the answer choices does not consist of an answer suitable to the above logic. Hence, it is important that, the student keeps the answer Choices in view in arriving at the logic.

25 + 11=36

Similarly, 49 + 11 = 60

Choice (d)

Example 2.

Find the missing number.

27 : 51 : : 83 : ________.

(a) 102

(b)117

(c) 123

(d) 138

Solution.

The given analogy can be written as

52 + 2 : 72 + 2 : : 92 + 2 : _____.

5 and 7 are successive odd numbers.

Similarly, next odd number to 9 is 11 and

112+ 2= 121+2= 123. .

Choice (c)

Example 3.

Find the missing number.

11 : 25 : : 17 : _____.

(a) 33

(b) 28

(c) 41

(d) 37

Solution.

11 × 2 + 3 = 22 + 3 = 25

Similarly, 17 × 2 + 3 = 34+ 3 = 37.

Choice (d)

 
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